Central African Republic Civil War (2012

Civilian casualties:
Unknown number killed or wounded
200,000 internally displaced; 20,000 refugees (1 Aug 2013)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CrisisWatch Database )〕
700,000 internally displaced; +288,000 refugees (Feb 2014)
Total: Thousands killed〔(Massacre evidence found in CAR ) Al Jazeera. 8 November 2013.〕 +5,186 killed (till September 2014)}}
The Central African Republic conflict is an ongoing civil war in the Central African Republic between the ''Séléka'' rebel coalition and government forces, which began on 10 December 2012.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Central African Republic, In depth: The Seleka Rebellion, viewed 16 May 2013, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=31®ionSelect=2-Southern_Africa#〕 The conflict arose after rebels accused the government of President François Bozizé of failing to abide by peace agreements signed in 2007 and 2011.〔 Many of the rebel groups were previously involved in the Central African Republic Bush War.〔
Rebel forces known as ' (meaning "union" in the Sango language)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Séléka rebels agree on unconditional talks )〕 captured many major towns in the central and eastern regions of the country at the end of 2012. ''Séléka'' comprises two major groups based in north-eastern CAR: the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) and the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP), but also includes the lesser known Patriotic Convention for Saving the Country (CPSK). Two other groups based in northern CAR, the Democratic Front of the Central African People (FDPC)〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.journaldebangui.com/article.php?aid=3753 )〕 and the Chadian group Popular Front for Recovery (FPR), also announced their allegiance to the ''Séléka'' coalition.
Chad, Gabon, Cameroon, Angola, South Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo〔() Radio France Internationale, Hollande discusses DRC presence in CAR with Kabila, 21 May 2014〕 and Republic of Congo sent troops as part of the Economic Community of Central African States' FOMAC force to help the Bozizé government hold back a potential rebel advance on the capital, Bangui. However, the capital was seized by the rebels on 24 March 2013〔Zuma joins regional leaders over crisis in Central African Republic, BDay Live, by Nicholas Kotch , 19 April 2013, 07:50, http://www.bdlive.co.za/africa/africannews/2013/04/19/zuma-joins-regional-leaders-over-crisis-in-central-african-republic〕 at which time François Bozizé fled the country,〔 and the rebel leader Michel Djotodia declared himself president.
On 18 April 2013 Michel Djotodia was recognized as the transitional head of government at a regional summit in N'Djamena.〔ndjamenapost, 18 April 2013, http://www.ndjamenapost.com/world/item/718-central-african-republic-swears-in-president-michel-djotodia〕 On 14 May CAR's PM Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide.〔ICG Crisis Watch, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/crisiswatch/2013/crisiswatch-117.aspx〕
The security situation remained poor during the summer of 2013 with reports of over 200,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs), as well as human rights abuses, including the use of child soldiers, rape, torture, extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances.〔ICG Crisis Watch, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/crisiswatch/2013/crisiswatch-118.aspx〕 Renewed fighting in August, between ''Séléka'' and Bozizé supporters in anti-balaka militia,〔ICG Crisis Watch August, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/crisiswatch/2013/crisiswatch-119.aspx〕 prompted French President François Hollande to call on the UN Security Council and the African Union to increase their efforts to stabilize the country. Nonetheless, the conflict worsened. By August the ''Séléka''-run government under Djotodia was said to be increasingly divided. In January 2014, President Djotodia resigned〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CAR president Djotodia and PM Tiangaye resign )〕 and was replaced by Catherine Samba-Panza,〔 but the conflict continued.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New CAR PM says ending atrocities is priority )〕
In 2014, Amnesty International reported several massacres committed by the anti-balakas against Muslim civilians, forcing thousands of Muslims to flee the country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Christian threats force Muslim convoy to turn back in CAR exodus )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=France and the Militarization of Central Africa: Thousands of Muslims Fleeing the Central African Republic )〕 Other sources report incidents of Muslims being cannibalized.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hatred turns into Cannibalism in CAR )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Insight – Gold, diamonds feed Central African religious violence )〕
== Background ==
(詳細はCentral African Republic Bush War (2004–2007) began with the rebellion by the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) in North-Eastern Central African Republic, led by Michel Djotodia, after François Bozizé seized power in 2003. This quickly escalated into major fighting during 2004. During this conflict, the UFDR rebel forces fought the CAR government concurrently with several other rebel groups that were located in other parts of the country, including the ''Groupe d'action patriotique pour la libération de Centrafrique'' (GAPLC), the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP), the People's Army for the Restoration of Democracy (APRD), the Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice (MLCJ), and the ''Front démocratique Centrafricain'' (FDC). Tens of thousands of people were displaced by the unrest, which continued until 2007, with rebel forces seizing several cities during the conflict.
On 13 April 2007, a peace agreement between the government and the UFDR was signed in Birao. The agreement provided for an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, and the integration of its fighters into the army. Further negotiations resulted in an agreement in 2008 for reconciliation, a unity government, and local elections in 2009 and parliamentary and presidential elections in 2010. The new unity government that resulted was formed in January 2009.
According to the Human Rights Watch, hundreds of civilians were killed, more than 10,000 houses burned, and approximately 212,000 persons fled their homes to live in desperate conditions deep in the bush in northern parts of the Central African Republic. Additionally, rebel groups say that Bozizé has not followed the terms of the 2007 agreement, and that there continue to be political abuses, especially in the northern part of the country, such as "torture and illegal executions".

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